Sunday, August 23, 2020

A Visual Approach to Programming :: Essays Papers

A Visual Approach to Programming In 1984, scientists at Hiroshima University began building up the format for what might be called visual programming dialects. As of now, numerous software engineers utilize literary dialects, which make the client produce content (one-dimensional) which is converted into one long stream of data. The objective for visual dialects was to ...bridge the gap between significant level programming and the human level (Levialdi). The specialists needed to make dialects that could show information and projects two dimensionally and have the graphical interface look a lot of like what might before long be a website page (McIntyre). These dialects are intended to be less complex while having the option to build more muddled projects than its ancestors. A few pundits of visual dialects express that so far no visual dialects have been normalized or used to fill increasingly broad needs. A few developers accept ...most visual dialects that have been utilized outside the exploration network have been focused to quite certain spaces (Citrin, para.1). Most visual dialects are in actuality utilized for explicit purposes in the advancement business. When contrasted with communicated in or composed dialects, visual scripting languages are incredibly new. Communicated in dialects have been around for a large number of years, while visual scripts are not so much as twenty years of age. Nonetheless, there are some up and coming gatherings being committed to creating guidelines for the up and coming age of visual figuring conditions. Despite the fact that these scripting languages are moderately new, organizations despite everything choose to use them. IBM made a visual language called OpenDX, which is ...designed to permit clients to envision both watched and recreated data...and engineers to rapidly make programs alongside intuitive controls (Thompson). In spite of the fact that this product isn't intended for a wide crowd, the visual programming network is as of now making usable visual dialects and simply needs an ideal opportunity to develop and advance to advance the span of the language. The other significant analysis of utilizing visual dialects was from the propelled developers. Many said that it is hard to relearn diverse programming methodologies two-dimensionally. While learning most programming procedures require difficult work, utilizing two-dimensional projects can work much better for the organization or gathering of software engineers all in all. For some organizations, the proverb time is cash is exceptionally precise. Improvement time for programs is normally thin. A target of visual programming conditions is to assist organizations with monitoring cash by cutting creation time.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

The State as Policy Maker Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The State as Policy Maker - Essay Example State powers should be given to the open position to evade predominance in the business sectors and furthermore individualized and financial relations that had been made private (Alden 160-158). In 1960s and 1970s the key job of the state was to help making arrangements on the most proficient method to separate and give fundamental necessities. The thought was changed to an approach known as Structural Adjustments Lending (SAL). It was fundamentally intended to clarify financial and institutional measures through which, numerous immense associations like the World Bank, IMF, and many guide benefactors would use to get approach situated credits .Its principle point was to end bringing in assembling systems unite a free market and furthermore privatize the administration property. At the end of the day SAL was intended to get thoughts of opportunity in the economy, have free markets, private part extends and furthermore discard conditions intended to hurt the economy of the state (Judd 1992). Open polices of any nation are not completely molded by the legislative issues in the administration however by the social approaches presented by the worldwide associations like non-legislative organizations. The state was additionally expected to have an influence in social guideline and arrangement of fundamental needs. This was finished by improvement of activities and projects like World Health Organization (WHO), International Labor Organization (ILO) and numerous others. The state was additionally expected to help in building the Nation after the pilgrim rule .After colonization, it was the job of the state to help individuals in recuperating and help.

Friday, August 21, 2020

Business Review and Audit Risk Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Talk about the Business Review and Audit Risk. Answer: Presentation The title of the report is Business Review and Audit Risk. While making arrangements for any review the nature and sort of the matter of the customer will be comprehended by the review firm to have the better and far reaching review plan. Without understanding the matter of the customer, the review firm can always be unable to accomplish the motivation behind the review. Alongside survey of the matter of the customer, the inspector will distinguish the review chance corresponding to the nature and size of the business and thinks about the equivalent while making arrangements for a review (Anastasia, 2015). The principle point of the report is to make the review firm mindful of the companys situation and the related hazard. With the end goal of this report, Insurance Australia Group Limited has been chosen. Protection Australia Group Limited is the organization enlisted in Australia. From the outset, the presentation will be given enumerating the primary point of the report. At that p oint investigation of the yearly report of the organization has been made itemizing the positive and negative signs that the yearly report has given about the corporate administration rehearses embraced by the organization. From there on the condition of the companys undertakings and the related dangers has been referenced itemizing the review chance regions alongside their effect on the budget reports. At that point the review targets are referenced alongside the received scientific techniques to recognize the huge changes in the money related position. Toward the end, the report has been finished with closing passage. Investigation of Corporate Governance Of The Company Corporate Governance of the organization is characterized as the set of accepted rules combined with the arrangements, methodology and rules and practices which is required to be followed to guarantee that the enthusiasm of the partners and the investors of the organization have been considered in full and with straightforwardness (Dandino, 2014). Prior there were an affiliation in particular National Roads and Motorists Association which has begun its tasks in the year 1925 by giving protection offices to their individuals. After that it has been developing and extended their business in a few regions and in the year 2002 the gathering has been changed over into the organization to be specific Insurance Australia Group Limited. From that point the organization has extended its tasks in Asia and expanded current business in Thailand and has moved Malaysia. It is an organization enrolled and recorded in Australia Exchange. Starting at now the organization is being working all through Australia, Asia and New Zealand and has center to give the better protection offices to the clients and conveying the exceptional yields to the investors and meeting the desire for the partners. In current situation, Insurance Australia Group Limited is the main organization in Australia in the protection segment. (Protection Australia Official Web site). As per the corporate administration explanation independently facilitated on the site of the organization, it has been referenced that the organization has consented to third version of Principles and Recommendation of Australia Securities Exchange Corporate Governance Council. Additionally, according to the arrangements of the Corporations Act, the leading body of chief has the full obligation to guarantee the consistence with the corporate administration structure. In the wake of investigating the yearly report of the organization for the year finishing 30th of June 2015, after positive and negative signs have been watched demonstrating acceptable and awful corporate administration. Positive Signals: Job of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of the organization In agreement with the main guideline of the establishing frameworks for the executives and oversight, the leading body of executive has been considered completely answerable for ensuring the different interests of the investors just as the partners and for the smooth working of the tasks of the organization. A comprehensive rundown has been point by point giving the territories where the oversight of the directorate is required, for example, Coordinating and controlling the procedures of the gathering towards the authoritative goals. Keeping up the honesty and loyalty of the money related data and announcing arrangement of the organization :Apart from the obligations set down for the board, the organization has set out the duties regarding Chief Executive Officer too. According to the arrangements of Corporations Act 2001 and first standard of corporate administration, the organization has designated the obligation of the executives of everyday undertakings of the organization which remembers leading the activity of the organization for a viable and a productive way and drawing out all the issues which are sufficiently material to the notification of the governing body for opportune and remedial activity (Cameron, 2014). Board Structure The second guideline of Australian Securities Exchange Corporate Governance Council, the organization will have organized the board so that it has made an incentive to the association in both budgetary just as non money related terms. The organization has rebuilt its board as such just as referenced in the report of corporate administration. It has been referenced that the selection board of trustees has been framed which helps in the filling the positions which such work force who have imperative aptitudes and experience. Also the organization has referenced the aptitudes required from the board individuals as per the characterized parameters like protection, business improvement, universal experience, key human asset and initiative abilities, and so forth. These parameters are in arrangement with the objectives of the organization. It shows that subsequent guideline is additionally followed (Cameron, 2014). Moral and Responsible dynamic - : according to the third rule of advancing moral and capable dynamic, the organization will list down all the moral prerequisites that they require to be trailed by the organization and each worker and officials occupied with the organization. The organization has done likewise and recorded all the moral approaches in the sanction and so as to additionally advance and direct the morals over the association the organization has designated Dr Simon Longstaff who is famous ethicist over the World. Negative Signals No Induction and Training to Board of Directors According to the yearly report of the organization the executives have not been arranged to the nature and sort of business of the organization and furthermore gave the sufficient preparing. In this way, the standard of having strong establishment has been hampered somewhat (Cameron, 2014). Participation at Continuing Educational Programs The board, according to the yearly report of the organization, has not joined in and instructive and formative projects because of which again the guideline of having the strong establishment have been hurted to the degree that the executives are not refreshed with the present information. No reference to Board Meetings - No reference has been made in the Corporate Governance Statement of the organization enumerating the quantity of meeting of executives held during the year. Accordingly, the fifth guideline of making convenient and adjusted divulgence has not been satisfied. References Anastasia, (2015), Financial Statement Analysis : An Introduction accessible on https://www.cleverism.com/budget report investigation presentation/got to on 29/04/2017 Cameron A, (2014), Corporate Governance Principles and Recommendations accessible on https://www.asx.com.au/archives/asx-consistence/cgc-standards and-proposals third edn.pdf got to on 29/04/2017. Dandino P. (2014), Corporate Governance : Something for everybody, Franchising World, pages 40-41. Protection Australia Official Website, Annual Report 2015 accessible on https://www.iag.com.au/financial specialists/reports got to on 29/04/2017

Globalization Affecting Employee Relation-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Talk about the Globalization Affecting Employee Relation. Answer: Presentation: This article extensively depicts the idea of globalization and is a portrayal of thoughts and manners by which it impacts representative relations. Worker relationship, as the term proposes, is the compatibility among representatives. It is one of the key parts of any association, in light of the fact that a solid representative relationship is fundamental for guaranteeing continuous works stream in this manner, advancing the vital development. Globalization can be characterized as the expanding collaboration among people, states and countries through the advancement of cash stream, culture and thoughts. Henceforth, in less difficult terms, globalization implies cooperation among countless individuals, in this way uniting them at a similar stage. (Beck 2015). It includes teaching various thoughts and aides in trading data at various levels. This idea has developed as of late as a medium to share data or thoughts among associations. It is fundamental to comprehend that Globalization h as three significant measurements, specifically monetary, social and political. Monetary globalization by and large happens among associations organizations over the globe (Baylis, Owens and Smith 2017). Social globalization clears path for thought trade and uncovered the estimations of various societies to each other. Political globalization spreads mindfulness about various lawful approaches that exist around the universes to the separate worldwide populace, which thusly sums to quicker developing social orders. Thusly, it very well may be securely said that the entire world has moved to the period of globalization. Representative relations, as clarified prior play a significant factor in the development of the organization. The principle viewpoint prompting unhinged activity of an association is collaboration since all undertakings in an association are appointed to different groups and without a sound relationship among the groups; it would be exceptionally hard to finish the work effectively. (Karanges et al.2015). There exists various variables that can improve representative relationship, for example, drawing in representatives in different exercises together, having standard workforce gathering for presenting significant data, urging supervisors to work intently alongside the representatives. Different components like creation representatives feel like they are a piece of the group, acquainting them with challenges so as to make their work fascinating, are additionally proficient approaches to build up the relationship between representatives. (Crane and Matten 2016). The article further t alks about the different angles where globalization plays a vital job in working up worker relationship. Sorts Of Globalization: Financial Globalization: Financial globalization in straightforward terms is the free development of items, administrations, capital, data, merchandise and innovation accordingly expanding the relationship and incorporation of neighborhood, state and national economies over the globe (Ezcurra and Rodrguez-Pose 2013). The procedure of monetary globalization can have a basic impact in improving relationship among representatives as they would begin to take a few to get back some composure of assorted purposes of perspectives on an assortment of individuals over the globe, in this way widening their point of view. (Nica, Manole and Potcovaru 2016). If there should be an occurrence of an association, workers of various parts of the workplace situated at various zones can be made to collaborate with one another, which may result to the representatives not feeling like a fish out of water when moved to another branch, in this way upgrading staff relationship. Item globalization is an idea that falls under the elem ent of monetary globalization and it incorporates getting different merchandise and items from various zones (Sturgeon 2013). This may offer specialists a chance to cooperate with different laborers. Before getting people familiar with globalization, it is basic to give appropriate preparing and this period is a coalmine for good representative relationship. There are times when data sent from various pieces of the world can be hard for a solitary individual to break down on the grounds that he/she might be capable dissect just a single specific sort of information. This is when group assignments can be presented; bringing about expanded cooperation among workers and such consistent communication may help in improving Social Globalization: Social globalization is another element of globalization and it very well may be characterized as the trading of thoughts, societies, qualities and implications in manners that escalate and broaden social connections. This procedure basically includes regular culture trade, which has been diffused by well known media, web and voyages, which thus adds to colonization and trade of wares (Mirrlees 2013). Social globalization is answerable for empowering individuals to engage in social relations that reach out past territorial and national fringes in this manner, improving interconnectedness among an assortment of societies. This measurement too positively affects worker relationship as it empowers trade of different thoughts consequently advancing a sound comprehension of different societies. The representatives need to communicate with different workers of the association so as to pass plans and proposals. (Wood and Wilberger 2015). Social globalization prods laborers to interrelate wi th different specialists to comprehend their genuine perspective and in this way is liable for changing assumptions and attitudes of people, in this manner, assuming an enormous job in improving relations among numerous workers. Language is a fundamental component that should be globalized in light of the fact that language obstruction is an enormous disadvantage in the point of view of worker relationship. The way toward dispensing with language hindrance would require a worker to look for help from another representative who as of now has the information about that language. There can be circumstances when a specific assignment got from a customer is in a language not quite the same as the one that can be fathomed by the representative. This is the place social globalization comes into act and help about the language can be gotten from various sources. Strict globalization is another type of globalization that has been available for quite a while that can be valuable in improving worker relations (Baylis, Smith and Owens 2017). This part of social globalization causes a specific representative to see the world from a more extensive viewpoint, along these lines helping the worker in improving his/her relationship with different workers having a place with various strict foundations. Political Globalization: Political globalization is the third measurement and it alludes to the development of political circumstances that exists worldwide in term of size just as intricacy (O'neil 2015). It additionally includes in trading government arrangements among various nations. Development and presence of the United Nations is perhaps the best case of political globalization. The idea is to receive approaches like that of a created country by a creating nation.(Jacobs and Van Rossem 2015). Political globalization not just reaches out to the administrations of two countries yet additionally applies to different worker's guilds and associations. Trade of arrangements empowers improved tasks of the associations, for example, an association experiencing misfortunes or one that is fresh out of the box new can pick help from one that is entrenched so as to upgrade its position. This trade of arrangements and systems will require association, just as co-activity among representatives of both the associati ons hence, empowering improved connection among the laborers. In this manner, this is unquestionably another main consideration in expanding representative inspiration (Sunkel and Inotai 2016). There might be circumstances where a similar association has workplaces situated in various areas along these lines having distinctive working strategies. The workplaces with lower achievement rate can embrace approaches like the workplaces with a higher accomplishment to develop themselves. These communications among the workplaces can help in progress of the relationship among representatives. A comparable circumstance may emerge on account of two nations and that is when political globalization becomes an integral factor. The trading of strategies among the nations can help the world in moving in the direction of a bigger and an amicable objective. Idea Of Taylorism and how it impacts worker connection: Taylorism is an idea, which was brought into training by Fredric Taylor, and it manages the idea of improving worker relationship. He was one of the primary people to present the significance of worker inspiration and representative relationship. (Jensen 2017). The work process was completed in various associations and its impact on work efficiency was watched. Taylor, after sharp perception expressed that organizations wherein the higher specialists didn't collaborate with the laborers by any stretch of the imagination, where the laborers completed the work without anyone else just to send the final results to the more significant position authority, had lower work efficiency as they didn't feel sufficiently inspired to work. The laborers were left without management to complete the creation procedure and the main inspiration that they had was that of professional stability in this manner, coming about to fragmented and wasteful work. Taylor had various answers for these issues. He recommended that rearranging the activity would expand profitability and that should be possible by disseminating the work equitably in a group. This would help in working up a decent group affinity and completing the errands productively. He additionally proposed that installment could be made consistently and since he had faith in the idea of greater profitability and effectiveness, he expressed that a specialist having great efficiency in a day ought to be paid more than another laborer ought to with lower profitability. This thus may have the ability to construct a sound rivalry alongside reinforced creation. He additionally proposed that different laborers for tips and exhortation to improve their

Friday, July 10, 2020

Using Cornell Engineering Essay Samples - What You Need to Know

Using Cornell Engineering Essay Samples - What You Need to KnowUsing essay samples is always a smart thing to do when you want to submit your thesis. Of course, there are several sites that have these essay samples for you to use. The problem with using these sample essays is that there are so many different ones that it is hard to choose one and then make sure that you understand it all.The best way to choose a site where you can get essay samples is to consult with your professors. They will most likely be able to help you out in that area. If you are planning on taking any courses that require a thesis, a good place to look is at your school's website. Here you can find the syllabus for your class and also a list of the essay samples that they will be using during the course.Because you will probably be using these essay samples throughout the course, it will be easier for you to make sure that you fully understand what is being asked. This will allow you to know if it is somethin g that you can use properly or not.Another option that you may want to consider is to look at the many different essay samples that are available online. This is great because you will be able to find one that is specific to what you are writing about. Of course, you will have to remember that you will also have to read through the essay and make sure that you understand everything that it asks.Of course, one of the best things that you can do is to use your own thesis. You will want to think about how you would prepare it and then write it down. This will allow you to see what you are doing well and what you need to work on.Remember that this also works for your college application essay as well. Make sure that you include allof the information that you have learned in the course. Of course, you will have to make sure that it fits in with the essay format that you are going to be using.The best part about using essay samples is that you can get the idea of how to format one for you r thesis at your own pace. That way, you will never feel rushed because you will know exactly what to do and how to do it.

Tuesday, June 30, 2020

The Search for Self-Achievement Abes Woman in the Dunes - Literature Essay Samples

In The Woman in the Dunes by Kobo Abe, the protagonist Niki Jumpei leaves his work and family behind in search of a new species of beetle. On his search, Niki finds himself trapped in a hole amongst the sand dunes, and he initially tries to escape. He believes that the villagers living above the sand dunes are his captors, and treats escaping the dunes as a competition against them. After inventing a water trap, however, Niki no longer sees the villagers as his rivals, nor does he exhibit any urgency to leave. Through the motifs of competition and illusion, Abe shows that people ought not to pursue recognition but self-achievement, leading modern readers to question the appreciation-based society they live in. The motif of competition shows through when Niki, striving for success, competes with his co-workers and ends up only feeling less accomplished. When Niki ventures out into the dunes, he considers that his co-workers will â€Å"be instinctively jealous of the lucky man who had been freed from this hole† (80). His desire to stir up strife among his colleagues shows how he wants to be acknowledged by others. Indeed, his original goal is to find a new species of beetle, wanting his â€Å"efforts [to] be crowned with success† (10). Niki thinks that, in discovering something new, he will feel as though enthroned as royalty, and his co-workers subjugated into lesser citizens. Continuing this analogy, Niki’s supremacy would be recognized by all the nation, and as ruler, he would control their actions. However, despite trying to make himself seem more impressive, Niki actually faces â€Å"unbearable self-aversion [that] people other than he had colors other than grayâ⠂¬  (97). The more Niki tries to create color in his life, such as embarking on a mysterious journey, the more he loathes himself through comparing himself to others. He can only â€Å"on the gray canvas of reality zestfully [sketch]†¦ the mere form of this illusory festival† (98). Niki tries to make his life appear zestful, but he can only sketch in the outlines of a more vibrant picture of life. He cannot fill in meaning to his existence, just like how he cannot fill in the lines in the illusion he creates. Furthermore, Niki’s constant want for his colleagues to recognize his â€Å"illusory festival† of accomplishments show how he’s controlled by them. Instead of acting autonomously, Niki chooses to act with consideration to what others might think of him. This contrasts his wish to be crowned with success and to dominate others, because he’s actually the one being ruled over. Rather than pushing him to success, his competitive spirit only furthers his sense of a lack of accomplishment. Niki’s competitive mindset also extends to his interactions with the villagers, and through the motifs of struggle and illusion reveals that winning is vain. Niki views the villagers as if they were his enemies, wanting to â€Å"make them very sorry† for trapping him in the hole (78). After attempting escape from the hole several times, however, Niki realizes he is like â€Å"an animal who finally sees that the crack in the fence it was trying to escape through is in reality merely the entrance to its cage† (123). The image of coming across another cage while attempting to escape emphasizes the villagers’ control over Niki. His competitiveness led him to treat escaping as a contest against the villagers, so it is ironic that the more Niki pursues freedom from his captors, the less autonomy he has. This shows the hopelessness of ascertaining a goal while one is focused on triumphing over others. In the novels imagery, his escaping a crack in the fence only to come upon another entrance to a cage also demonstrates the futility of him ever becoming the final victor. This is similar to how Niki originally escaped from work and family to gain acknowledgment for finding a species of beetle, but is now in another cage trying to escape and win against the villagers. As Niki runs away from the hole, he realizes that â€Å"the more he strain[s], the more he seem[s] to be running vainly, dreamily, in one place† (198). He has been running constantly from one problem to another, but he is never finished with conflicts. There is no true final destination or victory. There will always be one more conflict that awaits him and one more thing to accomplish. Niki recognizes that his efforts to beat the villagers are in vain when he doesn’t even request escape anymore, but water, from them. When he is ultimately defeated, he surrenders himself to the woman â€Å"as if he were a smooth, flat stone in a river bed† (232). This is a par allel to one of his earlier thoughts, that he is like a â€Å"deeply buried rock at the bottom of the current† (80). In this climactic moment, when Niki fails to get something as simple as water from his captors, he realizes his utter defeat. His hope of escape falls as he sees himself deeply buried in a hole he might never be able to leave. Originally, Niki tried to win against his co-workers by trying to find a new species of beetle in order to escape from his feeling of being stuck in a riverbed, but now he is back to his original position; this situation only reinforces that fame is an illusion. Instead of pursuing recognition, people should work towards self-achievement to gain freedom, as shown through the motif of competition. After Niki fails to procure water from the villagers, and consequently resolves not to pursue recognition, he realizes that if â€Å"one were to give up a fixed position and abandon oneself to the movement of the sands, competition would soon stop† (15). He no longer obstinately opposes the villagers, and instead of trying to control his circumstances, now allows them to happen as they may. Niki builds a trap that was originally meant to capture crows and discovers that it collects water. He thinks â€Å"there wouldn’t be better listeners than the villagers† (239) for him to tell his discovery to. This marks a change in Niki; originally, he thinks of the villagers as his enemies, but now he is willing to share his innovation with them. Niki realizes that, before, the â€Å"village was supposed to be on the side of the execution er† (223), but now â€Å"[h]is military map, on which enemy and friendly forces were supposed to be clearly defined, was blurred† (224). The emphasis is no longer on comparing himself to others, but on the satisfaction he himself gains from achieving a goal. If he were simply focused on winning against the villagers now, he wouldn’t want to share the innovation with them. Before, getting water was a competition against the villagers, but this time he has devised his own way to retrieve it. Though Niki â€Å"was still just as much at the bottom of the hole as ever†¦ he felt quite as if he had climbed to the top of a high tower† (235). Niki has found a different type of recognition—and though others may not know of his finding yet, just his knowledge of his accomplishment has given him freedom. Initially, Niki was unable to accomplish anything, but when he stopped competing with the villagers, he was able to innovate a water trap. Originally cont rolled by his need to be more successful, Niki is now no longer imprisoned. Niki’s decision to stop competing with others and to to pursue self-achievement liberated him from being controlled by others. In today’s society, those with fame and ambition are often looked upon as superior, happier people who’ve escaped boring existences. Even in school, competitive students who receive good grades are looked upon favorably. In reality, they may only be sketching the outlines of their lives filled with empty meaning. Our culture does not place enough emphasis on contentment one receives when competition is no longer a factor. Niki’s change in mentality teaches readers the importance of pursuing their own interests, without comparing themselves to others, in order to gain true freedom.

Tuesday, May 19, 2020

Biography of Lizzie Borden, Accused Murderer

Lizzie Borden (July 19, 1860–June 1, 1927), also known as  Lizbeth Borden or Lizzie Andrew Borden, is famous—or infamous—for allegedly murdering her father and stepmother in 1892. She was acquitted, but the murders are memorialized in a childrens rhyme: Lizzie Borden took an axeAnd gave her mother forty whacksAnd when she saw what she had doneShe gave her father forty-one. Fast Facts: Lizzie Borden Known For: Accused of killing her father and stepmother with an ax  Born: July 19, 1860 in Fall River, MassachusettsParents: Andrew Jackson Borden, Sarah Anthony, Abby Durfee Gray (stepmother)Died: June 1, 1927 in Fall River, MassachusettsEducation: Morgan Street School, high schoolNotable Quote: Maggie, come quick! Fathers dead. Somebody came in and killed him. Early Life Lizzie Borden was born on July 19, 1860, in Fall River, Massachusetts, the third of three children born to Andrew Jackson Borden (1822–1892) and Sarah Anthony Morse Borden (1823–1863). The eldest was Emma Lenora Borden (1851–1927). A middle child, a daughter, died in infancy. In 1865, Andrew Borden remarried to Abby Durfree Gray (1828–1892), and the couple and their daughters lived mostly quietly and uneventfully until 1892. Lizzie attended the Morgan Street School, which was not far from her home, and the local high school. After graduating, she was active at church by way of teaching Sunday school and serving as secretary of the local Christian Endeavor Society. She was also a member of the Womans Christian Temperance Union and dabbled in the Ladies Fruit and Flower mission. In 1890, Lizzie briefly traveled abroad with some friends. Family Conflict Andrew Borden started out his business career as an undertaker but bought rental properties and went into banking and textile mills as well. At the time of his death, he was a bank president and a director of several textile mills, and estimates said he was worth about $300,000 (about $8.5 million in 2019), not counting his real estate. He was, however, known for being miserly with his money. In contrast to the fathers wealth, the house they lived in was small and shabby, not in the part of town where the rest of Fall River elite society lived, and had neither electricity or indoor plumbing. In 1884 when Andrew gave his wifes half-sister a house, his daughters objected and fought with their stepmother, refusing thereafter to call her mother and calling her simply Mrs. Borden instead. Andrew tried to make peace with his daughters. In  1887, he gave them some funds and allowed them to rent out his old family home: at the time of the murders, Lizzie had a small weekly income and $2,500 in a bank account (what would be $70,000 today). Lizzies Difficulties According to various accounts, Lizzie was mentally disturbed. She was known to be a kleptomaniac—local shopkeepers would check for missing objects after she had been in and send a bill to her father, who paid them. And in 1891, Abbys jewelry box was rifled, after which her father bought locks for his bedroom door. In July 1892, Lizzie and her sister Emma went to visit some friends; Lizzie returned and Emma remained away. In early August, Andrew and Abby Borden were struck with an attack of vomiting, and Mrs. Borden told someone that she suspected poison. John Morse, the brother of Lizzies mother, came to stay at the house. Morse and Andrew Borden went into town together on the morning of August 4. Andrew came home alone. Killings The reconstruction of the crime found that around 9:30 a.m. on August 4, 1892, Abby was hacked to death with an ax, interrupted while she was in the guest bedroom. Andrew arrived about an hour later, met Lizzie and the maid at the door, and went to sleep on the sofa in the sitting room. He was killed, also hacked to death, at roughly 10:45 a.m. The maid, who had earlier been ironing and washing windows, was taking a nap when Lizzie called her to come downstairs. Lizzie said she had been in the barn and returned to find her father dead. After the doctor across the street was called, Abbys body was found. Because Andrew died without a will, his estate went to his daughters, not to Abbys heirs. Lizzie Borden was arrested in the killings. The Trial Lizzie Bordens trial began on June 3, 1893. It was widely covered by the local and national press. Some Massachusetts feminists wrote in Bordens favor. Townspeople split into two camps. Borden did not testify, having told the inquest that she had been searching the barn for fishing equipment and then eating pears outside during the time of the murders. She said, I am innocent. I leave it to my counsel to speak for me. Evidence included a report that shed tried to burn a dress a week after the murders (a friend testified it had been stained with paint)  and reports that she had tried to buy poison just before the murders. The murder weapon was never found for certain—a hatchet head that may have been washed and deliberately made to look dirty was discovered in the cellar. No blood-stained clothes were found. Without direct evidence of Lizzie Bordens part in the murder, the jury was not convinced of her guilt. She was acquitted on June 20, 1893. After the Trial Although the towns social elite supported Lizzie during the trial, they cooled to her after the acquittal. Lizzie remained in Fall River, but she and Emma bought a new and bigger home in the elite part of town that she called Maplecroft, and she began calling herself Lizbeth instead of Lizzie. She dropped her club and charity work and began attending theater performances in Boston. She and Emma had a falling out in 1904 or 1905, possibly over Emmas displeasure at Lizzies friends from the theater crowd. Both Lizzie and Emma also took in many pets and left part of their estates to the Animal Rescue League. At the time of her death, Lizzie was a very wealthy woman; her estate was worth approximately  $250,000, the equivalent of about $7 million in 2019 dollars. Death At the age of 66, Lizzie Borden died of pneumonia in Fall River, Massachusetts, on June 1, 1927, her legend as an accused murderer is still strong. Her sister Emma died a few days later, at her home in Newmarket, New Hampshire. They were both buried next to their father and stepmother. The home in which the murders took place opened as a bed-and-breakfast in 1992. Legacy The World Catalog lists 1,200 entries dedicated to Lizzie Borden, including 580 books, 225 articles, 120 videos, and 90 theatrical pieces, the latter including ballets, operas, plays, television and movie scripts, and musical scores. Google Scholar lists over 4,500 entries, including 150 in 2018 alone. There are other accused and convicted murderers who attract more attention, of course, but there is a seemingly unending fascination with this particular story, primarily speculation about why this Victorian middle-class woman may have killed her family. Among all the literature, books, movies and other forms of art, postulated possible and impossible hypotheses about why or whether Lizzie Borden did hack her parents to death include:   She was criminally insane, with a dual personality like Jekyll and Hyde.She was irresponsible and ill, and hysteric in the Victorian sense.She was a free spirit who was oppressed by Victorian values.She adored her father who infantilized her, and one day she snapped.She was physically abused by her father and stepmother.She was a victim of incest.She was angry because she missed exercising the social standing she felt she deserved.Her father killed her stepmother and then Lizzie killed him because of it.Somebody else did it (a stranger; a rejected suitor; her uncle; the maid).Her stepmother broke up Lizzies relationship with a lover.She was involved in a lesbian affair with the maid and the parents found out.She was in love with her sisters suitor.For the money. Sources Bartle, Ronald (2017).  Lizzie Borden and the Massachusetts Axe Murders. Sherfield-on-Loddon, Hampshire: Waterside Press.Kent, David and Robert A. Flynn. The Lizzie Borden Sourcebook. Boston: Branden Books, 1992.Lincoln, Victoria. A Private Disgrace: Lizzie Borden by Daylight: (A True Crime Fact Account of the Lizzie Borden Ax Murders). Seraphim Press, 1967.Robertson, Cara W. Representing Miss Lizzie: Cultural Convictions in the Trial of Lizzie Borden. Yale Journal of Law and the Humanities 351 (1996): 351–416. Print.Roggenkamp, Karen S. H. A Front Seat to Lizzie Borden: Julian Ralph, Literary Journalism, and the Construction of Criminal Fact. American Periodicals 8 (1998): 60-77. Print.Schofield, Ann. Lizzie Borden Took an Axe: History, Feminism and American Culture. American Studies 34.1 (1993): 91–103. Print.The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. â€Å"Lizzie Borden.†Ã‚  Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 15 July 2018.â€Å"Lizzie Borden.†Ã‚  Famous Trials .

Role stress and performance management - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 29 Words: 8769 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? ROLE STRESS AND PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT STRESS AND JOB PERFORMANCE People react to stress in different ways. Some copy much better than others and suffering fewer of the harmful effects of stress. Just as stress differs as a function of the individual, it also differs as a function of ones type of occupation. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Role stress and performance management" essay for you Create order Some occupations are, of course, inherently more stressful than others. All of the stress-strain-health relationships have an obvious impact on the organization and industry. Both physical and mental illness renders the employee unlit for work, and combine both to lessen the satisfaction obtained from work and reduce job performance and productivity levels. There are various ways that stress symptoms or outcomes are reflected in the workplace. Evidence from a growing body of research suggests that certain individuals, in a variety of occupations, are increasingly exposed to unacceptable levels of job-related stress (Schultz Schultz, 2002). Occupational stress is any discomfort which is felt and perceived at a personal level and triggered by instances, events or situations that are too intense and frequent in nature so as to exceed a persons coping capabilities and resources to handle them adequately (Malta, 2004) Occupational stress can be defined as the harmful physical and emotional responses that occur when the requirements of the job do not match the capabilities, resources or need of the worker (Sauter and Murphy. 1999). Performance is defined as the outcomes and accomplishments valued by the organization or system that one works in. Each individual is exposed to a range of stressors both at work and in their personal lives which ultimately affect his or her performance. Pressure at work can be positive leading to increased productivity. However, when this pressure becomes excessive it has a negative impact. The individual perceive themselves as being unable to cope and not to possess the necessary skills to combat their stress. Stress is acknowledged to be one of the main causes of absence from work (Mead, 2000). The occupational stressors can be categorized into four major groups. Firstly, the working conditions, including shift and week-end work, inadequate remuneration, hours of work, discrimination and safety at the work environment. Secondly, relationship at work including quality of relationships with peers, subordinates and supervisors. Thirdly, role conflicts and ambiguity including ill-defined role, functions, expectations, and duties. Fourthly, organization structure and climate which includes communication policy and practice, major changes in the workplace, culture of the organization, and lack of participation in decision-making. Another cause is career development including under utilization of skills or failing to reach full potential. Another contributing factor is the nature of the job which might amount to an immense amount of physical and emotional exhaustion (Parikh Taukari, 2004) The main objective of this study is to identify role of different contributing factors of job stress and to investigate level of stress on those factors in the organization. And also to find that how job performance is affected by job stress. There are different factors of job stress i.e. work overload, work under load, supervision role conflicts, career development, physical environment repetitive work, work family conflict and coworkers. RESEARCH HYPOTHESES There is difference in level of occupational stress among the employees of different departments of the organization. High level of stress adversely affects the performance of the employees. STRESS AT WORLKPLACE (OCCUPATIONAL STRESS) In todays changing and competitive work environment stress level is increasing both in WORKERS as well as MANAGERS .As a result of this work stress, more and more managers are showing signs of chronic fatigue and burnout. Research has concluded that stressed out managers are not good for organization and shareholders also .In most case stress reduced efficiency among individuals as well as reduced productivity also. Stress is the problem in amongst all the countries of the world ,irrespective of whether the economy is strong or weak .To know about the actual work stress we should have to know about the behavior of the individuals ,causes of the stress, its consequences and then how it can be reduce . Considered from an individual`s points of view stress is our body`s physical, mental and chemical reaction to circumstance that frighten, confuse, endanger or irritate to any person. If controlled stress, is a friend that strengthens us for the next encounter .if handled poorly, it becomes an enemy which can cause diseases like high blood pressure, ulcer, asthma, and over reactive thyroid. As per the medical explanation of the term Stress is the body`s general response to environment situations. it can lead to Physiological discomfort. Some kind of emotional unhappiness. Strained relationship with other people. In very simple words stress refers to an individual`s reaction to a disturbing factor in the environment. Different discipline and different professional have viewed it differently. Agarwala at 1979 believed that the confusion in definition is primarily due to the fact that the same term is used variously by scholars of different disciplines .Thus, in physic, stress is a force which acts on a body to produce strain. According to Beehr and Newman Job stress is a condition arising from the interaction of the people and their jobs, and characterized by changes within people and force them to deviate from their normal functioning. Stress can be defined as Bodys non specific response to any demand made on it. Stress is not by definition synonymous with nervous system tension or anxiety. On one side Stress provides the means to express talents and energies and pursue happiness, on the other side it can also cause exhaustion and illness, either physical or psychological One of the common accepted views of stress is provided by Selye through THREE STAGE MODEL OF STRESS. He called it General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS). Selye defines stress as an adoptive response to the external situation that results in physical, physiological, and behavioural deviation for organizational participant. He has suggested a three stage model and states that when an organism is confronted with a threat the general physiological response occurs in the three stages . Selye said that There can be up to three phases that our resistance levels go through when we are exposed to a stressor. The first is the alarm phase. The bodys resistance to physical damage drops for a short-time. This is so our bodies can prepare to cope with the stressor by using up available energy and normally protective stress hormones. Temporarily some of our defenses against physical damage drop so that our blood pressure increases, blood-sugar rises, muscle tension increases, we breathe faster and deeper and we get a surge of adrenaline-like substances to give us extra physical capabilities should we need them. If the stressor no longer exists the body returns to its normal level of resistance. However if the stressor persists, (we cant fight or flee from it or and this goes beyond his original thinking we are unable to apply counteracting psychosocial resources) our level of resistance increases beyond normal, relaxed levels When our bodies start to run in higher gear. High levels of stress hormones continue to help us cope with the stressor. This is appropriately called the resistance phase. If there is no relief the body can continue for days, weeks, even years until either the stressor is suddenly removed or because it is very energy-consuming our body collapses often with more dangerous and extreme physical reactions. They are the same as in the alarm phase only more intense and more relentless. It is here in this third or exhaustion phase that our health suffers or even death can occur. Our level of resistance to physical disorder, disease and psychological pressure is at its lowest. It is characterized by feelings of lethargy an absence of energy and bodily resources to cope. MEASUREMENT OF ROLE STRESS: In the context of India two measures have been developed by Indian researchers and have been extensively used in research in India. They are given below: ORGANIZATIONAL ROLE STRESS: This instrument developed by Pareek (1983) this instrument based on the key concept t understand the integration of the organization .It is through this role that the individual interacts and gets integrated with the system. An n organization can be defined as system of roles, where role has been defined by the expectations various significant persons, including himself / herself, have from that position. The concept of role and the related concepts of role space and role set have a built- in potential for conflict and stress (Pareek 1999). From the point of view of an individual, two role systems are important: Role Space and Role Set. ROLE SPACE:- Each individual occupies and plays several roles simultaneously. A person can be a son a father a member of a club and so on at the same time. All these roles constitute role space time. All these roles constitute role space. In the center of the role space is the self. Role space is the self. Role space thus can be defending as the dynamic inter-relationship between the self various roles an individual occupies. ROLE SET;- The individual`s role in the organization is defined by the expectations of other significant roles and those of the individual himself .thus the role set is the pattern of relationship between the role being considered and other roles. The organization role stress scale consists of 50 items measuring ten different types of organizational role stresses. These roles stress are Following: Inter role distance (IRD):-it is expected when there is a conflict between organizational and non organizational roles. Role stagnation (RS):- it is the feeling of being stuck in same role. Role expectation conflict (REC):- Stress is generated by expectation of different significant persons such as superior , subordinate, and peers ,about the same role and the role occupant`s ambivalence as to whom to please. Role Erosion (RE); Here stress is the function of the role occupant`s feeling that some function which should properly belong to her role are transferred to some other role. Role Overload (RO) ; when the role occupant feels that there are too many expectations from her. Role Isolation (RI); Stress refer to the psychological distance between the occupant role and other roles in the same role set. Personal Inadequacy; It arises when the role occupant feels that he does not have the necessary skills and training for effectively performing the function expected from his role. Self Role Distance (SRD):- When the role the person occupies goes against his self concept. Role Ambiguity (RA):- It refers to the lack of clarity about the expectation of the role. Resource Inadequacy (RIN):- Stress is evident when the role occupant feels that he is not provided with the adequate resources for performing the function expected from his role. SOURCES OF STRESS It has been said that stress result form a misfits between environmental demands and personal adequacies to meet these demands .However, management of stress is not possible unless the individual is aware of the specific source of stress. Stress can be emanating from variety of sources. Pestonjee (1983) has identified three important sectors of life in which stress originates .These are (a) Job and organization (b) Social Factors (c) Inter Psychic sector .The first namely , job and organization, refers to totality of the work environment (task ,atmosphere, colleagues , compensations, policies ,etc.)The social factors refer to the social / culture context of life .It may include religion, caste, language, dress and other factors. The intra psychic sector encompasses those things which are intimate and personal like temperament, values, abilities, and health. It is contended that stresses can originate in any of these sectors or in combinations thereof. Factor intrinsic to the Job: These are related to poor working conditions shift work, long hours, poor technology, travel, risk and danger, work over load. Role in the organization: When a persons role in an organization is clearly defined and understood, and when expectation place upon the individual are also clear and non- conflicting, stress can be kept to a minimum. Ivancevich and Matteson (1980) have identified three critical factors- role ambiguity ,role conflict , and degree of responsibility for others are major source of stress. Relation -ship at work: The working relationship which one has with people working in the same organization can also be a major source of stress. Career Development : A host of issue such as job security , fear of job loss, obsolescence or retirement and numerous performance appraisals can create pressure and strain. Organizational structure climate: just being part of an organization can present threats to a persons sense of freedom and autonomy. It seems that the position in the organization has something to do with stress. However the research evidence its inclusive .some studies have found that position in the organization does make a difference in job stress. Nature of Profession: The research evidence suggests that certain kind of occupations cause greater stress. Than others in a study of comparative degree of stress amongst professionals Mishra(2001)collected data from 144 doctors and 82 nurses drawn from various hospitals , their result show that nurses experience greater stress in their job as compared to doctors. Predispositional stress: The degree of stress seems vary with the personality and predispositional factor. Some individuals experience greater stress than others. Doctors with internal locus of control reported higher organizational stress than the internal . (Kumar 1988) The below chart shows one example of the structure of a department in an organization, indicating typical causes of stress that may effect stress at certain levels in the structure, and particular. Causes that are affecting individuals. Stress is contagious; anyone who is not performing well due to increases the amount of pressure on their colleagues, superiors, and subordinates. SYMPTOMS OF STRESS As stated earlier Stress is caused by or reaction to the external events and bring about changes in our response and our general behavior. The presence of Stress can be estimated by the analysis of certain symptoms an individual shows. These symptoms can be divided into three different categories. They are Feelings ,Behavoiur and pshysological . When the individual experience Stress, one or more of the following symptoms can be exhibited: Feelings The individual becomes anxious about the outcomes and is scared. The person feels that he has got something to loose or something wrong will take place. In an anxious state the person does not want to be corrected or interrupted. He looks out for other areas where he can forget about the stress-causing event for a while. The person becomes irritable and moody. During high level of Stress the individual develops a negative frame of mind and suffers from low self-esteem. The person loses faith in his capabilities and is afraid of the failures. The individual does not have a focused approach and is not able to concentrate and is involved in his own plans and thoughts. Physiological and Behavioral Changes Speech problems. Impulsive Behavior Crying for no apparent reason. Laughing in a high pitch and nervous tone of voice. Grinding of teeth Increasing smoking and use of drugs and alcohol. Being accident-prone Perspiration /sweaty hands Increased heart beat Trembling/Sleeping problems Diarrhea / indigestion / vomiting/ nausea Butterflies in stomach Headaches Premenstrual tension Pain in the neck and or lower back Susceptibility to illness Loss of appetite Nervous ticks Dryness of throat and mouth. Tiring easily or over eating CONSEQUENCES OF STRESS The effect of stress is closely linked to individual personality. The same level of stress affects different people in different ways each person has different ways of coping. Recognizing these personality types means that more focused help can be given. Stress shows itself number of ways. For instance, individual who is experiencing high level of stress may develop high blood pressure, ulcers, irritability, difficulty in making routine decisions, loss of appetite, accident proneness, and the like. These can be subsumed under three categories: Individual consequences Organizational consequence Burnout Individual consequences: Individual consequences of stress are those, which affect the individual directly. Due to this the organization may suffer directly or indirectly, but it is the individual who has to pays for it. Individual consequences of stress are broadly divided into behavioral, psychological and medical. v Behavioral consequences of stress are responses that may harm the person under stress or others. Behaviorally related stress symptoms include changes in productivity, turnover, as well as changes in eating habits, increased smoking or consumption of alcohol, paid speech, and sleep disorders. v Psychological consequences of stress replace to an individual mental health and well-being from or felling depressed. Job related stress could cause dissatisfaction, infact it has most psychological effect on the individual and lead to tension, anxiety irritability, and boredom. v Medical consequences of stress affect a persons well being. According to a research conducted, it revealed that stress could create changes in metabolism, increase heart and breathing rates, increases blood pressure bring out headaches and induce heart attacks. Organizational consequences: Organizational consequences of stress have direct affect on the organizations. These include decline in performance, withdrawal and negative changes in attitude. Decline in performance can translate into poor quality work or a drop in productivity. Promotions and other organizational benefits get affected due to this. Withdrawal behavior also can result from stress. Significant form of withdrawal behavior is absenteeism. One main affect of employee stress is directly related to attitudes. Job satisfaction, morale and organizational commitment can all suffer, along with motivation to perform at higher levels. Burnout:- A final consequence of stress has implementation for both people and organizations. Burnout is a general feeling of exhaustion that develops when an individual simultaneously experiences too much pressure and few sources of satisfaction. STRESS AND YOUR PERFORMANCE So far, we have seen that stress is a negative experience. We have seen the short-term burnout. The Positive Effects of Pressure Sometimes, however, the pressures and demands that may cause stress can be positive in their effect. One example of this is where sportsmen and women flood their bodies with fight-or-flight adrenaline to power an explosive performance. Another example is where deadlines are used to motivate people who seem bored or unmotivated. We will discuss this briefly here, but throughout the rest of this site we see stress as a problem that needs to be solved. The Negative effect of pressure In most work situations jobs, our stress responses cause our performance to suffer. A calm, rational, controlled and sensitive approach is usually called for in dealing with most difficult problems at work: Our social inter-relationships are just too complex not to be damaged by an aggressive approach, while a passive and withdrawn response to stress means that we can fail to assert our rights when we should. Before we look further at how to manage stress and our performance, it is important to look at the relationship between pressure and performance in a little more detail, first by looking at the idea of the Inverted-U, and second by looking at Flow. This is the ideal state of concentration and focus that brings excellent performance. Pressure Performance the Inverted U The relationship between pressure and performance is explained in one of the oldest and most important ideas in stress management, the Inverted-U relationship between pressure and performance. The Inverted-U relationship focuses on peoples performance of a task. The left hand side of the graph is easy to explain for pragmatic reasons. When there is very little pressure on us to carry out an important task, there is little incentive for us to focus energy and attention on it. This is particularly the case when there may be other, more urgent, or more interesting, tasks competing for attention. As pressure on us increases, we enter the area of best performance. Here, we are able to focus on the task and perform well there is enough pressure on us to focus our attention but not so much that it disrupts our performance. The right hand side of the graph is more complex to explain. Negative Thoughts Crowd Our Minds We are all aware that we have a limited short-term memory: If you try to memorize a long list of items, you will not be able to remember more than six or eight items unless you use formal memory techniques. Similarly, although we have huge processing power in our brains, we cannot be conscious of more than a few thoughts at any one time. In fact, in a very real way, we have a limited attention capacity. As we become uncomfortably stressed, distractions, difficulties, anxieties and negative thinking begin to crowd our minds. This is particularly the case where we look at our definition of stress, i.e. that it occurs when a person perceives that demands exceed the personal and social resources the individual is able to mobilize. These thoughts compete with performance of the task for our attention capacity. Concentration suffers, and focus narrows as our brain becomes overloaded. As shown in the figure, this is something of a slippery slope: the more our brain is overloaded, the more our performance can suffer. The more our performance suffers, the more new distractions, difficulties, anxieties and negative thoughts crowd our minds. Other research has shown that stress reduces peoples ability to deal with large amounts of information. Both decision-making and creativity are impaired because people are unable to take account of all the information available. This inability accounts for the common observation that highly stressed people will persist in a course of action even when better alternatives are available. It also explains why anxious people perform best when they are put under little additional stress, while calm people may need additional pressure to produce a good performance. Notes on the research behind the Inverted-U: While this is an important and useful idea, peoples evaluations of stress and performance are by necessity subjective. This has made it difficult to prove the Inverted-U idea formally. Also, for ease of explanation, we show a smooth curve here. In reality, different people have different shaped and positioned inverted-Us at different times and in different circumstances. This is all part of lifes rich tapestry. Entering a State of Flow When you are operating in your area of best performance, you are normally able to concentrate, and focus all of your attention on the important task at hand. When you do this without distraction, you often enter what Professor Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi of Chicago University describes as a state of flow. This involves being completely involved in an activity for its own sake. The ego falls away. Time flies. Every action, movement, and thought follows inevitably from the previous one, like playing jazz. Your whole being is involved, and youre using your skills to the utmost. You perform at your best in this state because you are able to focus all of your efforts, resources and abilities on the tasks at hand. While you are sufficiently motivated to resist competing temptations, you are not so stressed that anxieties and distractions interfere with clear thought. This is an intensely creative, efficient and satisfying state of mind. It is the state of mind in which, for example, the most persuasive speeches are made, the best software is developed, and the most impressive athletic or artistic performances are delivered. Helping Yourself to Get Into Flow One of the frustrations of management is that managers can feel that they lose the right to these periods of deep concentration when they must be readily available to others, and be able to deal with the constantly changing information, decisions and activities around them. Studies of good managers show that they rarely get more than a few minutes alone without distraction. This alone can be frustrating, and can contribute strongly to managerial stress. In jobs where concentration is a rare commodity, there are various solutions to creating the periods of flow that sustain good performance. Solutions include working from home, or setting aside parts of the day as quiet periods. Another solution might be to delegate the activities that require the greatest levels of concentration, allowing the manager to concentrate on problems as they arise, serving to create a flow of its own. One of the key aims of this site is to help you manage stress so that you can enter this state of flow, and deliver truly excellent performance in your career. MANAGING STRESS IN THE WORK PLACE Every responds to stress in a different way, it is only by understanding the nature of individual responses that you can start fighting stress yourself and others. Reduction or elimination of stress is necessary for psychological and physical well being of an individual. Efficiency in stress management enables the individual to deal or cope with the stressful situations instead of avoidance. Strategies like tie management, body-mind and mind-body relaxation exercise, seeking social support help individual improve their physical and mental resources to deal with stress successfully. Apart from helping employees adopt certain coping strategies to deal with stress providing them with the service of counselor is also useful. Many strategies have been developed to help manage stress in the work place. Some are strategies for individuals, and other is geared toward organizations. Individual coping strategies: Many strategies for helping individuals manage stress have been proposed. Individual coping strategies are used when an employee under stress exhibits undesirable behavior on the jobs such as performance, strained relationship with co-workers, absenteeism alcoholism and the like. Employees under stress require help in overcoming its negative effects. The strategies used are: Exercise: One method by which individual can manage their stress is through exercise. People who exercise regularly are known to less likely to have heart attacks than inactive people are. Research also has suggested that people who exercise regularly feel less tension and stress are more conflict and slow greater optimism. Relaxation: A related method individual can manage stress is relaxation. Copying with stress require adaptation. Proper relaxation is an effective way to adopt. Relaxation can take many forms. One way to relax is to take regular vacations; people can also relax while on the job (i.e. take regular breaks during their normal workday). A popular way of resting is to sit quietly with closed eyes for ten minutes every afternoon. Time management: Time management is an often recommended method for managing stress, the idea is that many daily pressures can be eased or eliminated if a person does a better job of managing time. One popular approach to time management is to make a list, every morning or the thins to be done that day. Then you group the items on the list into three categories: critical activities that must be performed, important activities that should be performed, and optimal or trivial things that can be delegated or postponed, then of more of the important things done every day. ROLE MANAGEMENT: Some what related to time management in which the individual actively works to avoid overload, ambiguity and conflict. SUPPORT GROUPS: This method of managing stress is to develop and maintain support group. A support group is simply a group of family member or friends with whom a person can spend time. Supportive family and friends can help people deal with normal stress on an ongoing basis. Support groups can be particularly useful during times of crisis. BEHAVIORAL SELF-CONTROL: In ultimate analysis, effective management if stress presupposes exercise of self-control on the part of an employee. By consciously analyzing the cause and consequences of their own behavior, the employees can achieve self-control. They can further develop awareness of their own limits of tolerance and learn to anticipate their own responses to various stressful situations. The strategy involves increasing an individuals control over the situations rather than being solely controlled by them. COGNITIVE THERAPY: The cognitive therapy techniques such as Ellis rational emotive model and Meichenbaums cognitive strategy fir modification have been used as an individual strategy for reducing job stress. COUNSELING: Personal counseling help employees understand and appreciate a diverse workforce, the holistic approach adopted by the counselor gives him a comprehensive view of the employee as client and enable him to deal the issues of work related problems in a larger context with his awareness of the inter-relationship among problems in adjustment with self, other and environment and that a work concern will effect personal life and vice-versa, the employee would receive help regarding the problem in all life. One of the advantage of the individual interventions is the individual can use these skills to improve the quality of life in offer domains like family, social support and self, thus reducing the negative carry of experiences in these domains into the work life which might effect his occupation mental health. ORGANIZATIONAL STRATEGIES: The most effective way of managing stress calls for adopting stressors and prevent occurrence of potential stressors. Two basic organizational strategies for helping employees manage stress are institutional programs and collateral programs. Work Design Stress Management programs Work schedules Health promotions programs Culture Other programs Supervision Institutional programs: Institutional programs for managing stress are undertaken to established organizational mechanism for example, a properly designed job and word schedules can help ease stress. Shift work in particular can constantly have to adjust their sleep and relaxation patterns. Thus, the design of work schedules should be a focused of organizational efforts to reduce stress. The organizations culture can also used to help to manage stress. The organization should strive to foster a culture that reinforces a healthy mix of work and nonworking activities. Finally, supervision can play an important institutional role in overload. In managing stress. A supervisor is a potential manager source of overload. If made aware of their potential for assigning stressful amounts of work, supervisors can do a better job keeping workloads reasonable. COLLATERAL PROGRAMS: In addition to their institutional efforts aimed at reducing stress, many organizations are turning to collateral programs. A collateral stress program in an organizational program specifically created to help employees deal with stress. The organizations have adopted stress management programs, health promotion programs and other kinds of programs for this purpose. STEPS TO BE TAKEN TO REDUCE STRESS IN THE WORKPLACE Workplace stress is something with which we are all familiar. Stress is a factor in almost all walks of life, and people are accustomed to a level of anxiety or tension being part of the job. A number of steps can be taken to address workplace stress levels and reduce the likelihood of a stress claim in your workplace. 1. Identify sources of stress An important first step is to consider, in the context of your workplace, the most common sources of stress. As with any other health and safety risk, the sources of stress will vary between workplaces, and they will also vary from position to position. The main sources of stress for professionals may be quite different from those facing administrative staff. Stress claims often arise out of performance management and disciplinary action. Bullying is also a common source of stress claims. However, it is very likely that there are circumstances www.mindtools.com/stress/UnderstandStress/StressPerformance.htm particular to your workplace or the nature of your enterprise which may give rise to feelings of stress. Once you have identified the key sources of stress in your workplace, you can take steps to manage those situations to ensure that staff feels supported. 2. Identify work groups at risk In the course of identifying sources of stress in your workplace, you may form the view that some employees are more at risk given the nature of their roles. It is important that you consult with these employees as a group or with their health and safety representatives to ensure that you are able to reduce this risk. 3. Detailed and relevant position descriptions A meaningful, current position description is an important tool in ensuring that an employee understands his or her role. The position description should set out the employees reporting structure, and should broadly set out the sorts of duties that an employee will be expected to perform. This helps to prevent issues of authority and confusion about the scope of the role. 4. Management of workload The feeling of being overworked is a common source of stress claims. While staffing levels are obviously a factor, it is often difficult to increase staffing due to budgetary constraints. It may be more effective to address the factors which lead to employees feeling overworked. Again, these sorts of factors will vary from workplace to workplace, so it is important to consider your particular circumstances to determine the best way to manage workload. 5. Bullying walk the walk As well as having bullying policies and training, it is essential that your organisation is responsive to claims of bullying or harassment, and that any allegations are investigated promptly and thoroughly. 6. Genuine performance reviews Performance reviews are often taken casually, with the result that performance or behavioural problems are not raised with the employee until they reach a critical level. Performance reviews should give employees accurate feedback on their work and on any areas for improvement. However, the person conducting the performance review should always ensure that the performance review is conducted reasonably, against measurable targets and incorporating the employees views. Under the Accident Compensation Act 1985, an employee cannot make a Work Cover claim in relation to stress if the stress arises from: Reasonable actions taken in a reasonable manner to transfer, demote, discipline, redeploy, retrench or dismiss the employee; A reasonable decision by the employer not to provide some benefit in connection with the employment; or The expectation that any of the above will occur. This exception can apply to stress claims arising out of a performance review. If you can show that the performance review was reasonable and conducted reasonably, then an employee will be unable to make the performance review the subject of the claim. Following a properly drafted policy or procedure is a good way of ensuring that the action is seen to be reasonable in nature. However, if the person conducting the performance review is hostile or intimidating during the performance review, the employee can argue that the stress was caused by the nature of the behaviour, and not the review itself, so the exception will not apply. The same principles apply to performance management and disciplinary procedures. 7. Appropriate performance management procedures Performance management procedures should emphasise the early identification of poor performance to employees, setting reasonable timeframes for quantifiable improvement, providing training and other appropriate support to the employee and actively working with the employee to achieve that improvement. Such procedures should also include warnings, but greater emphasis should be on the support an organisation will provide. An employee undergoing performance management should not receive the impression that he or she is being disciplined. 8. Trained health and safety representatives It is important that employees who are experiencing stress feel that there are people available for them to talk to, and that their concerns will be taken into consideration. To this end, as well as to ensure that you satisfy your consultation duties under the OHS Act, there should be trained representatives in the workplace, and regular opportunities for those representatives to report to management. INTRODUCING STRESS MANAGEMENT Stress is a condition or feeling experienced when a person perceives that demands exceed the personal and social resources the individual is able to mobilize. With this in mind, we can now look at how you can manage all of the stresses that your career will bring. We can see that there are three major approaches that we can use to manage stress: Action-oriented: In which we seek to confront the problem causing the stress, changing the environment or the situation; Emotionally-oriented: In which we do not have the power to change the situation, but we can manage stress by changing our interpretation of the situation and the way we feel about it; and Acceptance-oriented: Where something has happened over which we have no power and no emotional control, and where our focus is on surviving the stress. Action-oriented approaches best where you have some control To be able to take an action-oriented approach, we must have some power in the situation. If we do, then action-oriented approaches are some of the most satisfying and rewarding ways of managing stress. These are techniques that we can use to manage and overcome stressful situations, changing them to our advantage. The early sections on the navigation bar to the left focus on action-oriented coping. These sections introduce skills that help you to manage your job actively, work well with your boss and co-workers, and change your surroundings to eliminate environmental stress. Emotionally-oriented approaches subtle but effective If you do not have the power to change a situation, then you may be able to reduce stress by changing the way you look at it, using an emotionally-oriented approach. Emotionally-oriented approaches are often less attractive than action-oriented approaches in that the stresses can recur time and again; however, they are useful and effective in their place. The section on explains some useful techniques for getting another perspective on difficult situations. Acceptance-oriented approaches when theres no valid alternative Sometimes, we have so little power in a situation that all we can do to survive it. This is the case, for example, when loved-ones die. In these situations, often the first stage of coping with the stress is to accept ones lack of power. The section on looks at building the buffers against stress that helps you through these difficult periods. Arguably, the section on also falls into this category. These different approaches to stress management address our definition of stress in different ways: the action-oriented techniques help us to manage the demands upon us and increase the resources we can mobilize; the emotionally oriented techniques help us to adjust our perceptions of the situation; and the acceptance-oriented techniques help us survive the situations that we genuinely cannot change. HOW TO MAXIMIZE EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE WHILE MINIMIZING EMPLOYEE STRESS Many managers and business owners mistakenly fear that reducing employee stress requires reducing productivity or creating a country club atmosphere, which in todays marketplace could be fatal. Nothing could be further from the truth; in fact, the opposite is true. When organizations manage in ways that bring out the best in people, they also reduce employee stress. Thats why most of Fortune magazines 100 Best Companies to Work For are industry leaders and enjoy high employee productivity. Employees in these companies are both happy and extremely productive. The key to maximizing productivity while minimizing stress is understanding the factors that influence whether someone working very hard will feel stressed out and burnt out, or whether they will feel motivated, excited, and committed. Scientific research on stress combined with best practices of high performance companies offers clear clues about the key factors that determine whether employees will be stressed out or energized by workplace demands. TO MAXIMIZE EMPLOYEE PRODUCTIVITY AND PERFORMANCE, ORGANIZATIONS CAN: Give Employees As Much Control Over Their Jobs As Possible Research shows that control is the biggest factor in whether people feel stressed out or invigorated when facing a challenge. The more control people have over their work, the greater their job satisfaction, the higher their work quality, and the lower their stress level. Giving employees control includes giving them the power to make job-related decisions, the flexibility to organize their work in the way they find optimal, and the authority to find make improvements on how their job is done. Making this work requires providing employees with the training, coaching, and information they need to make intelligent decisions. Communicate Clearly and Often About Everything Important One of the greatest sources of employee stress is not knowing not knowing about changes taking place in the company, not knowing their supervisors job and performance expectations, and not knowing if they are doing a good job. Communicating clearly in these areas not only reduces employee stress, it also helps them do a far better job. Talk With Your Employees About What Makes Your Company Great, How You Bring Value To Your Customers, and How Your Employees Make That Possible People want to feel part of something great, and they want to feel that they are making a significant contribution to that greatness. When they feel this way, they not only become energized by challenges, theyre also more able to endure difficulties without becoming burnt out. You can put this principle into action by making sure you always deliver a high quality product or service, by talking with employees about the value your company provides to your customers, and explaining how them doing high quality work makes it all possible. Make Sure Supervisors Know How to Bring Out the Best in People Supervisors play a huge role in employee morale, performance, and stress level. Supervisors who know how to provide guidance, support, and encouragement minimize employee stress. Supervisors with poor management skills or with personal problems, not only cant help employees deal with stressful times, they themselves are a tremendous source of stress. The time and financial resources you invest in selecting and training managers will pay huge dividends in reducing employee stress, increasing productivity, and minimizing turnover. Encourage Employees to Talk Freely and Support One Another An all work and no play environment burns out people quickly. Having a workplace where co-workers can talk without worrying about getting into trouble, is especially important in high pressure jobs. Encouraging connections among co-workers also reduces stress, because having social support reduces the negative effects of stressful situations. According to a large body of scientific research, having supportive friends and family members is one of the most important factors influencing a persons ability to handle stress and major life crises without becoming physically or emotionally compromised. Help Employees Design Their Jobs To Be As Rewarding As Possible Although not all jobs are equally rewarding and fulfilling, much can be done to make even the least desirable ones more enjoyable. The more opportunity employees have to make decisions, use their mind, and take responsibility, the more fulfilled they will be. To make this work, employees need to be involved in the job enrichment process. If changes are made without their input, this will most likely backfire. If employees have worked for years in an environment where they were told what to do, it might take time for them to learn how to take a more responsible and active approach to their jobs. Improve Your Hiring and Orientation Process Because the first few months on the job are often the most stressful, new employees are often the most vulnerable to accidents and injuries. For companies that have a sink or swim approach to new employees, these first few months is also a time of high turnover. The more effective youre hiring, new hire orientation, and training is, the more likely new employees will be well-suited, and prepared, for their jobs. Make Sure Employees Have the Resources and Training to Do Their Jobs Well When people feel inadequate, when they feel ill-equipped to handle a challenge, they get stressed out. If employees dont have the tools, technology, time, staff, or training to do their jobs well, they are going to be stressed out, and wont be able to work at their true potential. Investing in these areas pays huge dividends both in terms of reduced stress-related costs, and in increased productivity. SUGGESTIONS TO REDUCE STRESS ON INDIVIDUAL BASIS Take time out: Working long hour without a break for lunch or a cup of tea is counterproductive. Dont skip lunch! Go for a walk . Even half an hour in a different environment can make you feel refreshed and better able to deal with what is happening. Make time for you. Take control: Define your priorities and attend to the important and satisfying things .Explore alternatives .Look for new ways of doing things Indetify things that you can rely on to. Relaxations techniques can help you manage stress in long term .Try yoga or listen to a piece of music that you like that relaxes you. Have a massage or try Aromatherapy. Give yourself a treat. Set your limits: Avoid saying yes when infect you mean no! do not set or accept targets which you cannot achive. If you set unrealistic targets , chances are that you will face negative strees if you fail to achive them . one cannot be perfect at everything. Use time well: Are you always late for things ? Do you get frustrated knowing you could have done a better job if you had organized your time better? Learn how to manage your time properly. Use time positively to move towards your goals in life. Balance recreation or time for your self and friends with work. Talk to someone: When we are stressed we can feel very isolated ,as if we are the only ones feeling that way. Talking to colleagues can help you share some of the pressure. Sharing your concerns with colleagues or partners helps resolve misunderstandings or frustrations. Listen and develop co-operation rather than competition. Exercise: Exercise can help relieve stress and help to add balance to your life. It can be a great stress reliever and it can be fun .Go for a walk at lunch time. Smile: See the funny sides of the tings. Having a joke or laughing, crying and talking helps release some of the tensions of stress rather than keep them bottled up. Recongnize stress: Recognize the signs of stress. You may feel anxious, irritable, nervious, depressed, confused or others may notice you are short tempered, achieving less, unable to concentrate, losing interest in work or leisure activities, drinking too much or eating too much sugary foods. unable to sleep. physically you may notice frequent headaches, tension in the neck and shoulders ,indigestion or upset stomach ,back pain ,you cold hands or feet ,your heart races for no reason and you may even have difficulty breathing. Eat well: Eating healthy food builds the foundation of good health which help handle the pressures of life .do not be tempted to comfort eat. Avoid using alcohol, caffeine or drugs, which will only exacerbate stress in the long run. Make sure you get enough sleep: Take at least 7 hours of sleep .a sound sleep can help in relaxing your body and mind .after a stressful day of work sound sleep will refresh you and help you in starting a new day in a enthusiastic manner. STRESS CONTROL PROGRAMMES IN COMPANIES Firms are now thinking out of the box to manage employee stress, lest it begins to hurt performance. At BAUSCH LOMB, managing employee stress is all about setting achievable sales targets and following a comprehensive annual KRA or goal setting exercise and twice-a-year performance appraisals. This ensures that there are no residual feelings leading to stress. Companies have started recognizing stress at the workplace as a significant business concern and have been bringing proactive measures to provide a healthy environment. KANORIA CHEMICALS AND INDUSTRIES (KCI), for instance, believes in improving the time management skills of its staff to help them achieve work-life balance. Critical activities, such as goal setting, target deployment communications, incentive clarity and performance feedback, if not done properly would lead to high stress levels. This could further be potential reason for quitting the organization. Mitigating negative stress is what companies focus on in their stress management programmes. Some follow Art of Living courses, others are enrolling employees in Yoga and health workshops. Some like Aricent Technologies have put de-stressing tips on their intranets. At EMAMI stress management is rooted in the HR mission and objective. The group has spiritual discourses by well known spiritual leaders and through reputed organisations like Brahma Kumaris and Art of Living, yoga sessions at offsites and regular exercises at the office gym. We even encourage employees to avail themselves of their annual leave. At many companies, Art of Living is the preferred medium for stress busting. Aricent has been conducting these courses since 2001, and says that though it has made the course voluntary in the last two years, there has been no drop in participation. KCI follows the stress management programme not only ensure employee satisfaction but also reduce the probability of attrition. At INFOGAIN, stress management training comprises yoga classes, dance classes, aerobics and fun zones, which are short breaks from hectic schedules. The thrice-a-week classes are held by experts and a panel of physicians is available for consultation in the office. Companies maintain that stress indicator awareness and knowledge of appropriate stress management techniques make a huge difference in the productivity of the employees. XANSA has an all-encompassing stress management programme that includes motivational talk sessions, pranic healing sessions, yoga classes, recreational activities like table tennis, carrom and chess, social get-togethers such as choreography, fashion shows, collage competitions and painting competitions and no graveyard shifts. Day care centres and games on the intranet also help in beating stress. Such de-stressing programmes have helped the organisation to find out the kinds of problems or issues being faced by employees at the workplace. All these companies are organizing the stress management programmes thus to reduce the stress and increase the performance of the employees. It has been realized that if the employees stress level is too high, their work may become impaired, and the hostility they posses would get reflected in the quality of their service. In such a scenario, employees who suffer the burden of having to perform can simply crack. They may actually develop ailments like heart problems, high blood pressure and peptic ulcers. Therefore, we felt the need to incorporate certain tools as part of our HR programme to control and manage employee stress. COMPANIES TACKLE STRESS AT WORK: WEBMART Award-winning print management company, WEBMART, who claim to live by the maxim, do well and do good are celebrating National Stress Awareness Day today with their first yoga class for employees at the Bicester-based office. The yoga classes take place in Webmarts calming chill-out room, which forms part of their brand new gym, equipped with self-powered exercise machines. All employees are encouraged to attend the weekly lunchtime sessions, which are conducted by a fully trained local yoga instructor. Webmarts Geraldine Lay, who organised the yoga classes, says, I think its essential that companies provide opportunities like this for their staff. These days everyones multi-tasking and juggling so many things at once that they need some time out clear their minds, which can help to improve their performance at work. Increasingly theres a stigma attached to the idea of taking a lunch break when theres so much to be done, and providing yoga classes at lunchtime gives employees that well-needed chill-out time away from their desks. The International Stress Management Association (ISMA) is encouraging everyone to acknowledge National Stress Awareness Day and to think about how unproductive and demoralizing stress can be. Acknowledging the things that put undue pressure on your life and then doing something positive and constructive to manage that pressure can cut stress off at its roots. Yoga is been acknowledged to bring about stress relief due to combined techniques of controlled breathing, meditation, physical movement, mental imagery, and stretching. ANALYSIS: It can be observed from the above article that the companies now a days are more focused towards the problems faced by their employees related to the stress. The companies are taking various steps to overcome this problem. E.g. In the company WEBMART, the management has arranged yoga classes for their employees. They used various techniques like controlled breathing, meditation etc. which helps the employees to feel relief through stress. Thus, the employees feel fresher and give their best. This leads to increase in the performance of the employees. BIBLIOGRAPHY https://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=https://www.orghealth.co.uk/uploads/images/Organisational%2520Health%2520Strategy.gifimgrefurl=https://www.orghealth.co.uk/Services/stress-management-and-prevention/strategy-for-stress/ https://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=https://www.orble.com/images/stress21.pngimgrefurl=https://www.livinghealthfully.com/occupational-stress-management/ https://www.docstoc.com/docs/13898011/Stress-Management-Project https://www.lifepositive.com/mind/work/corporate-management/corporate-mantra.asp www.mindtools.com/stress/UnderstandStress/StressPerformance.htm www.humannatureatwork.com/Workplace-Stress-2.htm

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Buddhism Speech Essay - 825 Words

Today I am giving an informative speech on Buddhism. Now, quot;informativequot; is the key word here. I just want to reasure everyone that I am simply going to explain some of the philosophy of Buddhism. I am not, however, trying to sway your beliefs or views on life in ANY way. Instead, Im going to share with you some of the basic things that I know, and however you choose to use the information, if at all, is totally up to you. In fact, one of the strongest beliefs of a Buddhist, is that their quot;way of lifequot; is NEVER forced on anyone. To shove it down someones throught would contradict almost everything the Buddha had to say. To start, I wanna clear up some simple, misinterpretations that some of you may or may not have†¦show more content†¦Buddhists consider it the job of scientists to explain origins of the universe and life. So there is no contradiction with scientific discovery. Although most buddhists say the world creates and recreates itself millions of times every fraction of a second. After Death, as Buddhist would say that there is no transmigration of individual souls, but through the law of karma, a persons wholesome or unwholesome intentions become imprinted in the mind. Negative mental states persist through continual rebirth until ones intentions become wholesome. In a nut shell, this means for all the things you do or intend to do, that are concidered harmful to others, karma will balance it out in this or other lifetimes. This is also known as reincanation. Once fully enlightened (however many lifetimes it takes for karma to balance), one is liberated from rebirths, reaching a state of selflessness, resulting in an untimate bliss (what Buddhists call Nirvana) and one becomes Buddha, or quot;one with Buddhaquot;. Some Buddhists, especially modern western, dont emphasize or believe in rebirth. People have free will to commit wrongs or rights. Evil doing may result when egoism, cravings, attachments, and ignorance are expressed as greed, hatred, and violence, which, if not realized, results in rebirth. For a Buddhist, Enlightenment is an individual journey to Nirvana (or complete bliss)--liberation from suffering and cycles of rebirth. This is acheived by what BuddhistsShow MoreRelatedBuddhism Speech Essay852 Words   |  4 PagesToday I am giving an informative speech on Buddhism. Now, informative is the key word here. I just want to reasure everyone that I am simply going to explain some of the philosophy of Buddhism. I am not, however, trying to sway your beliefs or views on life in ANY way. Instead, Im going to share with you some of the basic things that I know, and however you choose to use the information, if at all, is totally up to you. In fact, one of the strongest beliefs of a Buddhist, is that their wayRead MoreBuddhism(Informative Speech)958 Words   |  4 PagesInformative Outline Topic: The Buddhism General Purpose: To inform Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about some main beliefs of one of the most popular religions, the Buddhism. Thesis: From Buddhism to any individual, the Buddhism and Buddhist beliefs become one of the most influential religions in the world. i. Introduction A. Attention Getter: â€Å"God said, let there be light: and there was light.† For Christians, Jesus is their only God. However, as the founder of another famousRead MoreThe Impact Of Theravada Buddhism On Myanmar1288 Words   |  6 PagesTheravada Buddhism is one of two major sects of Buddhism and is practiced primarily in Southeast Asia. Its practice began in Sri Lanka and spread to Laos, Myanmar, and Cambodia, and has influence in the West today. 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When the mind is pure, joy follows like a shadow that never leaves† This quote from Siddhartha Gautama, known as Buddha and the founder of Buddhism, is a perfect representation of Buddhist beliefs. Buddhism is a strict religion with various guidelines one must follow. The Buddhists believe that they are each born-again many times and their main goal is to end this cycle of rebirth. One can do so by living each life better than the last,Read MoreEssay on Budism by Huston Smith1605 Words   |  7 PagesBuddhism As a college student that has lived and grown up in western New York, I do not have too much experience with the other religions of the world. I have grown up a Christian Protestant my whole life, and I am a firm believer in my religion. Soon after reading the chapter on Buddhism in Huston Smith’s book The World’s Religions, I came to understand and respect the Buddhist religion. I came to learn who the Buddha as a man really was, and the steps he took in becoming a religious icon. IRead More Buddhism Essay1569 Words   |  7 PagesSoon after reading the chapter on Buddhism in Huston Smith’s book The World’s Religions, I came to understand and respect the Buddhist religion. I came to learn who the Buddha as a man really was, and the steps he took in becoming a religious icon. I know understand that Buddhism is not all meditation and relaxing. There is a strict code of the four noble truths and the prescription of getting through them called the eightfold path. Much like Christianity Buddhism also has many different views onRead MoreBuddhism : The Major Religions Of The World926 Words   |  4 Pages After learning about the major religions of the world, Buddhism seems to be the most relevant for someone living in western society. While many religions are considered monotheistic, with an all knowing powerful god to worship, Buddhism doesn’t put one god high up on the altar, in fact the focus in this religion seems to be more spiritual. Buddhism is the fourth largest religion in the world. It was founded in India over two hundred thousand years ago by Siddhartha Gautama (later known as theRead MoreBarrows Vs. Shaku And Dharmapal An Argumentative Analysis1469 Words   |  6 Pageshowever, to juxtapose Barrow’s arguementative skills in â€Å"Words of Welcome† to Shaku’s and Dharmapala’s skills in their argument for Buddhism. Upon an in depth analysis of both passages, it is clear that Shaku and Dharmapala supported their religion more effectively than Barrows did and ultimately helped the Western world, as a whole, gain a new-found respect for Buddhism. At first glance, Barrows’s â€Å"Words of Welcome† is simply a welcome to all the other members of the parliament. He uses vivid imagery